SSH without a password

To avoid entering your password every time you log in via ssh, add your public key to the .ssh/authorized_keys file in your home directory on the remote machine.

On the local machine:

• Generate pair of keys:
  ssh-keygen
  and enter the name of the key (default is id_rsa), then hit enter twice (password prompts).
• Append the public key (key_name.pub) to the list of keys on the remote machine:
  < cat ~/.ssh/key_name.pub | ssh user@remote_machine "cat >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys"
• Make sure that ~/.ssh/authorized_keys has the 600 permissions!
• If you entered the name of the key different that default one (id_rsa) then you need to connect/copy with the -i option (ssh -i ~/.ssh/key_name or scp -i ~/.ssh/key_name)

MySQL create user

To create user:


CREATE USER 'username'@'host' IDENTIFIED BY 'password';

To grant all privileges to user on a specific database:

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON database_name.* TO 'username'@'host';


MySQL import dump

To import database from a dumped sql file:

• Login to mysql


• Create database with the specific name:
  
  
create database database_name;

  


• Exit mysql.


• Import the contents of the database from a file:
  
mysql -u user -p database_name < database_dump.sql

  

MySQL - creating backup

Simplest solution is to use mysqldump tool.

• To create backup of a specific database (database_name):
  
  
mysqldump -u root -p database_name > dumpfile.sql

  and enter your root password.
  


• To backup all databases:
  
  
mysqldump -u root -p --all-databases > dumpfile.sql

  

MySQL - resetting root password

In order to reset your root password for mysql:

1. Find mysqld_safe application (usually in /usr/bin/mysqld_safe)
2. 
   
3. Stop currently running mysqld process:
   
/etc/init.d/mysqld stop

   


4. Start mysql in a safe mode with --skip-grant-tables option using previously found path of mysqld_safe. This gives full access for all users with no passwords:
   
/usr/bin/mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables &

   


5. Enter mysql:
   
mysql

   


6. Type:
   UPDATE mysql.user SET Password=PASSWORD('MyNewPass') WHERE User='root';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

   Mind that UPDATE and FLUSH should be in different lines.
   


7. Restart mysql with usual settings:
   
/etc/init.d/mysqld restart

   

Mail from command line

To send an email from command line you can use "mail" command.
Example:
echo "Message body" | mail -s "Test_subject" example@exampledomain.com
Sends message "Message body" with a subjects "Test_subject" to example@exampledomain.com

Testdisk - good and simple recovery tool

Testdisk is a very nice data recovery tool: http://www.cgsecurity.org/wiki/TestDisk.


Step by step guide how to recover your files from damaged disk using PhotoRec from Testdisk suite: http://www.cgsecurity.org/wiki/PhotoRec_Step_By_Step

Python - remove leading zeros

To remove one or more leading zeros from the string eg. convert 0040 into 40:

import re
oldstring = '0040'
newstring = re.sub(r"\b0{2}","",oldstring)

To remove different number of zeros change the number in {} in the code.

EDIT:
Better way:


import re
oldstring = '0040'
newstring = re.sub("^0+","",oldstring)


Checking ntfs partition on linux

Use ntfsfix application from ntfs-3g package eg.:

$ sudo ntfsfix /dev/sdc1


Python - get date and time

To get current date and time:

from time import strftime

strftime("%Y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S")

'2010/07/28 21:50:30'


Format drive to ntfs in Ubuntu

If you want to format eg. external usb drive to NTFS in Ubuntu you can use gparted. You will also need ntfsprogs package:


sudo apt-get install gparted ntfsprogs


Python - replace character in a string

To replace a character("a") in a string with the other one ("b"):

s = s.replace('a', 'b')


Python - get index in the list

To get the index of the element in the list:

list.index(element)


Linux - finding last reboot/shutdown time

To find last reboot time:

last reboot | less

To find last shutdown time:

last -x | grep shutdown | less


Python and config file parser

Very useful Python module for parsing config files:
http://docs.python.org/library/configparser.html

ssh access using public and private keys

1. Generate a key pair on your machine:
   
   $ ssh-keygen
   
   Enter the name of the files with the keys and passphrase (not necessary).


2. Add your public key to the list of authorized keys on the remote machine:
   
   
   cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub | ssh user@machine "cat >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys"


3. Set permissions on the remote machine:
   
   
chmod 700 ~/.ssh

chmod 600 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys

   

Tracking changes between file revisions in CVS

• To check file history (and revisions):
  
$ cvs log filename

  


• To compare two revisions (REV1 and REV2) of the file:
  
$ cvs diff -u -r REV1 -r REV2 filename

  

Passing arguments to awk from shell

To pass argument SHELLARGUMENT to awk from a shell do:

$ awk -v x="$SHELLARGUMENT" '{print x}'

eg.:

#!/bin/sh

SHELLARGUMENT=test

awk -v x="$SHELLARGUMENT" '{print x}'



Echo without newline

To print a text without a newline in shell script:

$ echo -n "Text"

diff print only unmatched lines

To print only unmatched lines from file2:

$ diff file1 file2 | grep ">" | awk -F '>' '{print $2}'

Loop over a files in directory in shell


#!/bin/sh

for f in `ls`

do

echo “Processing $f file …”

#Here you can put your commands

done


You can loop over files with specific names changing ls to ie. ls *.txt etc.

Awk - powerful tool

Awk is a scripting language that can be used in shell. Please find here some examples:

1. We've got a file that contains lines and columns (separated with spaces). We want to print only the contents of 3rd column.
   
   cat file.txt | awk '{print $3}'
   


2. Print last column:
   
   cat file.txt | awk '{print $NF}'
   
   $NF means for awk the last argument (here: column)


3. Print the first expression before '/' sign:
   
   cat file.txt | awk -F '/' '{print $1}'
   
   Using -F option you can set different separators for awk arguments.


4. Another example. Printing last column + some text before it + some text after:
   
   cat file.txt | awk '{print "cp /home/"$1" "$1}'
   
   If you have filenames from /home directory in the file.txt this will prepare copying those file to current directory.

Grep: get patterns from a file

Having a list of patterns in patternsfile and needed to search for those patterns in datafile use:

$ grep -f patternsfile datafile

Double pipe

Nice feature of double pipe "||":


$ command1 || command2


This means that command2 will be run if the command1 fails.

Clickable links in Latex table of contents

1. Use hyperref package:
   
   \usepackage{hyperref}


2. Set link colors:
   
   \hypersetup{

colorlinks,

citecolor=black,

filecolor=black,

linkcolor=black,

urlcolor=black

}


3. Link only the page numbers and not the entire table of contents:
   
   \hypersetup{linktocpage}

Change color in OpenOffice formula

color <colour>{expression}

File extension in shell

FILENAME="file.txt"

1. To print file's extension:
   
   $ echo ${FILENAME#*.}
   
   txt


2. To print file name without extension:
   
   $ echo ${FILENAME%.*}
   
   file

Tracking memory leaks

Very powerful tool for checking memory leaks and speeding up the applications:

1. Valgrind (http://valgrind.org)


2. Valkyrie - front-end for Valgrind


3. Callgrind (valgrind -tool=callgrind): CPU-time profiling tool


4. kcachegrind - front-end for callgrind

User management in terminal

1. Adding new user:
   
   $useradd user


2. Setting password:
   
   $passwd user


3. Assigning user to a group:
   
   $usermod -a -G group user

Update-alternatives

If you have installed two versions of the application and you need to switch between them - there's a nice tool: update-alternatives. How to use it? Here's an example: switching between gcc-4.3 (and simultaneously g++-4.3) and gcc-4.4 (g++-4.4):

1. $ sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/gcc gcc /usr/bin/gcc-4.3 60 --slave /usr/bin/g++ g++ /usr/bin/g++-4.3


2. $ sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/gcc gcc /usr/bin/gcc-4.4 40 --slave /usr/bin/g++ g++ /usr/bin/g++-4.4


3. $ sudo update-alternatives --config gcc